January 10th, 1944
Operation Dague
This is an important day in the Dague calendar. It marks the beginning of a general push on all axes of progression, now that the German position has been destabilized in the south and that the enemy can no longer use the Canigou massif.
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Villefranche-de-Conflent sector - In front of the Vauban citadel and the fort that dominates it, the situation is still blocked. Further east, the 2nd Rgt of the 1st SSF begins its march towards Vernet-les-Bains. The Americans initially progress without difficulty along the RD27, but also along the route of the small mining train*, above Taurinya, until they reach the Prades train station.
The situation becomes more difficult after Taurinya, as the road twists and turns in the direction of Fillols, in a heavily wooded area. There, the Germans not only had time to cut down trees across the road, but also to build a few log forts to shelter a machine gun or gunners. All day long, the Americans continue to advance slowly but surely, not hesitating to outflank the enemy positions by making wide detours in the rugged terrain.
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Castellane Valley - The bulk of the 3rd Tabors settle in Mosset and spend the day preparing for the assault on the Col de Jau, where the presence of about one enemy company is confirmed. The liaison is established with the maquis of the Caillau mine and they start to move in, under the cover of the forest, a part of the troops and mortars intended for this sector. The maquisards are more than happy to finally receive the attention and especially the equipment that they have lacked until now.
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Massif de l'Agly - The men of the 1st Rgt of the 1st Special Service Force set out to attack the massif starting from Estagel, along the Agly river. The situation becomes more difficult after Planèzes, in an area with many small rivers. The Germans take advantage of these tributaries of the Agly to wage a stubborn delaying battle.
At the same time, the 4th Ranger Btn, which had been repositioned for several days at the aptly named Col de la Bataille on the RN612, set off towards Bélesta; a detachment is charged with seizing the Pic Aubeill, which dominates the sector. The Rangers do not encounter any difficulties before approaching the sector of Caramany, where the wet cuts are multiplying. Part of the battalion tries to continue towards Sournia, but is caught under fire from German mortars installed on the Sarrat d'Espinet massif.
To the south-west of the massif, the detachment of the 3rd Tabors blocked at the Col de Roquejalère contents itself with harassing the enemy with mortars and launching a few fixation attacks.
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Fenouillèdes Valley - In this usually rather quiet valley, except for the passing of a train from time to time, a powerful rumbling can be heard on the Estagel side: the three medium tank companies of the 757th Tank Battalion are moving along the RN117 towards the German positions of Saint-Paul-de-Fenouillet, about twenty kilometers away (the M5 Stuart light tank company was still blocked in front of Villefranche-de-Conflent). In total, about fifty Sherman tanks, six 105 mm assault guns and three mortar-carrying half-tracks. The vehicles are accompanied by the 180th IR of the 45th US-ID and a mortar company of the 3rd Chemical Mortar Battalion.
It is at Saint-Paul-de-Fenouillet that most of the artillery of the 344. ID is positioned, on well-prepared positions with observers posted on the nearby heights.
The German heavy guns cover a rather dense minefield barring the whole valley, which is about three kilometers wide. Infantrymen and anti-tank guns of Grenadier-Rgt 855 are camouflaged in the buildings on the edge of the city, emptied of their inhabitants and transformed into forts. The defences are extended outside the town, in the form of trenches and concrete casemates installed behind the river Agly. This one goes down from the gorges of Galamus towards the massif that bears its name and its flow in this season is quite strong.
The Americans have learned their lesson from Prades: they engage the Germans at a good distance, but it is going to be a tight game, because the defenders have had several weeks to reinforce and camouflage their positions. Moreover, thanks to the observations made from the castle of Queribus, they have a fairly accurate idea of the number of enemy troops.
All day long, artillery exchanges take place, interspersed with American armored vehicle charges in the direction of the town or the railway bridge over the Agly, to the north of it.
All of them are repulsed.
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South of Corbières - From the sector of Tuchan, the 337th and 338th IR of the 85th US-ID, supported by a part of the divisional artillery as well as by a company of mortars, begin to push westward against the 950. Grenadier Rgt, supported by a battalion of riflemen. Further north, the 339th IR remains for the moment in its positions facing the 158. ID, contenting itself with offensive patrols to keep the enemy in uncertainty, but also to avoid a too quick reaction of the 60. PzGr in a very undulating sector.
Taking advantage of the smallest ridge, the smallest stream, the smallest grove, the Germans delay but the terrain is not sufficiently hilly to hope to hold out against the American superiority, which is obvious in terms of artillery. On the other hand, the tactical aviation, in this case the P-51s of the 363rd Fighter Sqn, have appeared the day before. General Coulter's strategy in this sector is simple: advance methodically, bludgeon any point of resistance and move forward again.
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Axat - At the headquarters of the 344. ID, the more or less alarmist reports of the different units are pouring in. In spite of his repeated calls to his superior Walther Nehring in Carcassonne, Generalleutnant Felix Schwalbe has no reinforcements to send in the immediate future, all the more so that the geography of the area covered by his division does not facilitate movement.
Fortunately for him, the relief considerably hinders the allied aviation, except in the Corbières.
Operation Scissors
Hérault - The 350th RCT bends but does not break. It clings to the ground, in company of a TD Btn and a Tk Bn, on the Larzac plateau. It should be noted that in addition to the support of the Mustangs and Thunderbolts of the VIIIth Tactical Air Command, the ground troops are supported by the Mitchell of the 340th BG, which attack the enemy positions with full loads of parafrags, which in this terrain have a devastating effect on unprotected infantrymen.
As part of the 340th BG, the B-25
Legal Eagle flies its 43rd and final mission. It will return to the United States for a tour to promote treasury bonds to support the war effort. This aircraft and its crew also have the distinction of having won the unofficial award for the longest name painted on an aircraft, requiring the aircraft to be renamed to the
Legal Eagle. Indeed, one of the crew members, of German origin, had come up with the name "Superdurchschnittsgeschwidigkeiter", which can be translated simply as... "The Fast One".
On the left wing of the 350th RCT, the 351st RCT, while acting as a guard, put pressure on the 867th. Grenadier Rgt towards Saint-Jean du Bruel, while the 85th IR of the 10th
Mountain Division overruns the rear. The German regiment is forced to abandon its positions with heavy losses and to take refuge further north. It cannot even mount a counter-attack, because its retreating elements are pushed aside by the US mountain men.
This breakthrough in the hills opens the door to a flanking attack on the 14. SS-PG Division's positions, while the corner driven in by the 85th US-IR forces the grenadiers of the 868. Rgt to refocus and extend their defense around the hamlet of Espérou.
At the end of the day, the SS still cannot break through on the plateau and the situation of the 355. ID becomes untenable. It is spread out over more than 40 km and can only rely on the terrain and the cuts. The German general staff decides to stop using up its troops in vain counter-attacks and to regroup the SS around Millau, while the 355. ID, already withdrawn to the north-east, covers the outskirts of the Causses.
Reinforcements
A new Panzer Division
Nancy-Verdun Sector - The
Panzer Lehr Division is officially formed from the two Panzerwaffe schools within the Reich (Panzertruppenschule I at Bergen-Belsen and Panzertruppenschule II in Potsdam-Krampnitz). The first elements had begun to be assembled from the previous November. It should be noted that the only non-SS Panzerdivision in this case, its infantry is entirely mechanized.
From Corsica to Marseille
Berghof (Berchtesgaden) - A difficult meeting that day for the Führer's staff. When he learned that the French ministers had all gone to Marseille to make it the provisional seat of their government, the "Austrian corporal" went into one of those fits of rage to which he was beginning to accustom his entourage. Since the arrival of the Allies on French soil, the anger was rising. Now the cork is popping and the whole volcano is exploding in a ferocious eruption.
Those damned French must be punished! They had caused him nothing but trouble since 1940, and now they come back from Africa to taunt him! Addressing Göring and Pohl, after the lack of progress in the work on retaliatory weapons, he orders them to activate the operations of these famous devices based in Italy and to point them, no longer towards Corsica, which became useless, but towards Marseille, this so-called provisional capital!
If, as usual, the Big Hermann plays the carpets and acquiesces, Pohl, who has taken knowledge of the technical requirements of the different machines, points out that it will probably be difficult for certain sites: the hard ramps have a very precise orientation that can't be changed unless you break everything and redo it. And above all, the topographical configuration of the Italian terrain may prevent us from aiming at the city of Marseille... But these arguments are of course brushed aside with a wave of the hand by the dictator who vociferates: "
It's an order!"
Needless to say, when he hears this directive from Kesselring, Oberst Thom is stunned and dismayed. What could he do? He has to go back into the files of each site, eliminate those for which he knows perfectly well that he will not be able to modify the orientation of the ramp, then go and check the possibilities of the others in the field. Fortunately, this only concerns only the V1s, since the V2s take off vertically. Nevertheless...
Sighing, the German says to himself that the work on the sites that are now unusable will be stopped and the workers sent to the survivors of Hitler's diatribe, which will speed up their construction. Every cloud has a silver lining, and we must console ourselves as best we can.
* This train is a chain-driven funicular of the Decauville standard, of a type widely used in Europe from 1850 to 1950. Before the war, it conveyed the production of the iron mine of Salver (the massif of Canigou has numerous iron deposits, exploited since the Celtic period).
Operation Dague (South), January 10th, 1944